Sickle Cell Disease: Complications and Nursing Interventions

Our cover photo this month features three-year-old twins Ava and Olivia. Both have sickle cell disease. In this tender shot, one twin is comforting her sister during treatment at Akron Children’s Hospital in Akron, Ohio.

How much do you know about sickle cell disease (SCD)?

Did you know:

  • that children with SCD can experience “silent strokes” that become clinically evident only as progressive neurocognitive deficits?
  • that renal complications account for 16%-18% of overall mortality?
  • or that SCD-induced priapism in boys and men is not only excruciatingly embarrassing and often painful but may require emergency treatment?

Recognizing common complications.

“Two of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians caring for patients with SCD are the lack of evidence-based guidelines…and the underuse of the few recognized disease-modifying therapies.”

In “Understanding the Complications of Sickle Cell Disease,” a CE feature in this month’s AJN, Paula Tanabe and colleagues provide us with readable and practical information about the complications of SCD.

If, like me, you are not an expert in SCD, this article is an excellent primer on how to recognize the most common complications of the disease, what treatments that are available, and […]

2019-06-03T08:22:06-04:00June 3rd, 2019|family caregiving, Nursing, patient experience|0 Comments
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When Children Hurt

As an ER nurse, I saw a lot of people in pain, either arriving at our door to have their pain relieved or enduring the pain of needed treatments, knowing that the interventions were necessary. In my experience, though, there’s nothing worse than seeing a child in pain, and the younger the child, the more awful it was.

You began the encounter with a sick or injured child who was already frightened by the circumstances that had caused their parents or guardians to bring them to the hospital. It’s hard to get past the frightened eyes and tears, the little ones trying to burrow into their mother’s shoulder and not wanting to be put down on a paper-covered table. And this was before even attempting any assessment.

Nurse uses Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale to help assess patient’s pain. Photo by Gerry Melendez/The State/MCT via Getty Images.

Factors to consider in assessing a child’s pain.

We were taught that “pain is what the patient says it is,” and that still seems to be true of children’s reports of pain. But there are many factors that need to be considered, such as […]

2019-05-23T10:18:37-04:00May 23rd, 2019|Nursing, patient experience, Patients|1 Comment
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Are Your PCA Pumps Accurate, and Working?

Device malfunction happens.

After orthopedic surgery several years ago, I awoke in the PACU to find nurses working frantically on one side of my stretcher. Simultaneously, I realized that my leg hurt. A lot. And with another moment’s awareness—awake enough now for my nurse’s brain to begin to kick in—I understood that all of the activity concerned my PCA pump.

neeta lind/flickr creative commons

One of the nurses noticed that I was stirring. “Your pump has malfunctioned. We can’t get the replacement to work. A third pump is on the way. I’m so sorry!”

The scramble for a replacement, and then another, probably lasted less than five minutes, but it was a pretty wild ride. My deep breathing in an attempt to control the pain gave me something to focus on, but it was a pretty weak effort up against bone pain in the immediate post-op period. I’m grateful that my nurses—there were at least three involved at that point—regarded the pump failure as an emergency.

But operator errors are more common.

Needless to say, then, I was particularly interested in a new study that appears in this month’s AJN. In “Errors in Postoperative Administration of Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Retrospective Study,” Yoonyoung Lee and colleagues […]

2019-04-10T09:29:43-04:00April 10th, 2019|Nursing, nursing research, patient experience, Patients|0 Comments
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A Hidden History of Sexual Violence Can Complicate the Clinical Encounter

Long-term physical and psychological health effects.

illustration by hana cisarova for AJN

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in the U.S., “one in three women and one in six men have experienced sexual violence involving physical contact at some point in their lives.” The report notes the high correlation between sexual violence and a range of adverse health effects like respiratory and gastrointestinal disease, chronic pain, and insomnia.

Not surprisingly, the terror of sexual violence is also correlated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its symptoms. These symptoms fall into four broad categories:

  • reexperiencing
  • hyperreactivity
  • avoidance
  • and negative emotions and thoughts about self or the world

Medical environments as triggers.

For survivors of sexual violence, medical environments can feel dehumanizing and present trauma reminders that intensify underlying post-traumatic stress. In addition, such environments can undermine protective routines and carefully delineated personal boundaries. Physical examination, being undressed, or receiving personal care can trigger powerful automatic fight–flight–freeze responses.

These responses may appear as physiological changes such as alterations in breathing and pulse, involuntary movements, or as hypervigilance, fear, anger, dissociation, withdrawal, or anxiety. Interventions like the insertion of a catheter or medications that decrease alertness or require suppositories can register subconsciously as threatening for someone who has survived […]

2019-01-23T15:58:50-05:00January 23rd, 2019|Nursing, patient experience|1 Comment
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A Black Nursing Professor’s Personal Calculus in Choosing a Birth Center

“I knew getting pregnant meant that regardless of my socioeconomic status or education, as a black woman I was more than three times as likely to die during labor or in the weeks afterward compared to my white counterparts.”

Recent news stories have drawn attention the dismaying medical experiences of black women during and after childbirth, with even celebrities like Serena Williams and others finding their concerns about potentially life-threatening symptoms going dangerously unheeded by nurses and physicians. The statistics about maternal death from pregnancy or childbirth complications among black women tell us that such stories aren’t isolated examples but part of a larger pattern.

Illustration by Annelisa Ochoa.

A thoughtful professor weighs her options.

All of which makes the personal story told by Sheria Robinson-Lane, an assistant professor of nursing at the University of Michigan, in this month’s Reflections essay (“Birthing by the Numbers“) particularly timely. And yes, nuanced. She knows the numbers and she knows the stories about communication issues experienced by black women with their providers. However, she’s also affiliated with a respected major medical center.

So when she gets pregnant with her second child at age 39, what’s her best course of action in deciding where to have her child? […]

2018-10-01T08:20:40-04:00October 1st, 2018|Nursing, nursing perspective, patient experience|0 Comments
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Views expressed on the blog are solely those of the authors or persons quoted. They do not necessarily reflect AJN’s views or those of Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
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