Posts Tagged ‘Nursing’

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Clinic Vision

January 26, 2012

By Marcy Phipps, RN, a regular contributor to this blog. Her essay, “The Soul on the Head of a Pin,” was published in the May 2010 issue of AJN.

By Ctd 2005, via Flickr

I’ve begun volunteering at a local free clinic. While it’s been rewarding and satisfying, it’s also been fraught with challenges I didn’t expect; I’ve only worked in an ICU, and the assessment skills specific to critical care don’t translate smoothly to the clinic setting. I’m out of my professional comfort zone, and I feel so inexperienced.

Here’s what I’m used to: By the time a patient is admitted to the ICU, they’ve already been “worked up” in the emergency room. Physicians have been assigned and a preliminary diagnosis is in place. The patients are connected to equipment that displays their vital data continuously, on monitors I can see from almost anywhere, and alarms are triggered by any alterations. I’ve got easy access to radiology reports and films, laboratory values, and microbiology reports. The nursing physical assessment is thorough and paramount; I know what I’m looking for, what I’m listening and feeling for, what certain smells indicate, and I trust my instincts. I’m accustomed to not only the forced intimacy that comes with the in-depth physical assessments of critical care, but the technology and data that supplement my assessments, as well.

At the clinic my nursing role is quite different. I sit at a desk. I am to determine the reason for each patient’s visit and take their vital signs. I ask how they’ve been and what’s changed since their last visit.

One gentleman, when I ask what medications he takes at home, fishes in his pocket and drops pills wrapped in toilet paper on the desk that separates us. I sit across from him, considering how to proceed, itching to take his hand and slide my fingers along his wrist to feel the pulse of his radial artery. I wonder about his breath sounds, what his feet look like, whether I’d be able start an IV on him, and what I’m missing. There are no same-day diagnostic reports to refer to and no dictated medical histories. All I have is the snapshot capture of his vital signs and what he wants me to know.

I’m used to knowing my patients from the inside, out. Here in the clinic, I hardly even touch anyone. I feel blind.

These are the challenges I’ve found: to create a picture of my patient with limited information and subtle clues;  to listen to what someone tells me, hear what they don’t say, and know what to ask; and finally, to not lose my vision because I miss my familiar tools, but instead find a different way to see.

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Magnet Hospitals: It’s About the Process, Not the Designation

January 23, 2012

By Shawn Kennedy, AJN editor-in-chief

When I had a recent medical emergency, I went to the local community hospital near my home in northern New Jersey. I had been there before for outpatient testing or to the ER with a child and found the care attentive and efficient and the staff friendly and professional. Besides, it was a Magnet-designated hospital, so I was confident that I’d receive good care.

The ancillary staff was wonderful, but I found myself disappointed with the nurses on the acute med/surg unit where I was located. There was no rounding that I was aware of, and they seemed to only show up when it was time to administer meds. Only a few nurses introduced themselves, and only two nurses over three days really engaged me in any conversation. Nurses seemed to respond to call lights only for those patients to whom they were assigned. The unit clerk who promptly answered the call light intercom would say, “I’ll let your nurse know and she’ll be in soon”—when I asked for pain medication, she told me “your nurse is giving report; I’ll let her know when she’s finished.” I waited uncomfortably for more than half an hour.

There were whiteboards, but often the information—especially regarding the date and the name of the nurse—was unchanged from day to day and no longer accurate. (This was annoying, in that they kept asking me what date it was and I kept getting it wrong!)

The worst, though, was the noise level at night. I’ve worked nights, and I know it’s easy to forget to keep conversations hushed. But this unit was a good example of those that are as “noisy as chainsaws” (see our recent post on this). I was two doors down from the nurses’ station and I could hear every conversation, people singing holiday carols, detailed discussions of patients (forget HIPAA!). Requests that they reduce the noise made no difference. One night, I learned every detail about one nurse’s vacation plans while she and a colleague spoke in normal, conversational tones, occasionally laughing, while providing care to the elderly woman in the bed next to me at 2:30 am.

When I asked if they could speak a bit more quietly, one of the nurses angrily pulled back the curtain and told me that I had to understand that they needed to take care of the woman and would be done shortly. She then resumed talking about her vacation. I barely slept at all the three days I was there. It was exhausting, and I was happy to get home.

A few days later, I was admitted to a large teaching medical center in Manhattan, where I stayed for 10 days. The contrast was startling. The ICU nurses were incredibly attentive and supportive; they made me and my family feel that I was safe and in excellent hands. On the med/surg unit, the nurse manager introduced herself when I arrived. My assigned nurse for each shift would introduce herself and ask me if I needed anything; she came by frequently, even if only to poke her head in the room and say, “Everything OK?” Nursing assistants likewise introduced themselves and would inquire if I needed anything. Read the rest of this entry ?

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That Acute Attention to Detail, Bordering on Wariness…

November 21, 2011

via Wikimedia Commons

By Kinsey Morgan, RN. Kinsey is a new nurse who lives in Texas and currently works in the ICU in which she formerly spent three years as a CNA. Her last (and first) post at this blog can be found here.

It seems that nursing schools across the world subscribe to certain mantras regarding the correct way to do things. Different schools teach the same things with utmost urgency. Hand washing is one of the never-ending lessons that comes to mind. How many times do nursing students wash their hands while demonstrating the correct way to perform a procedure? I vividly remember actually having to be evaluated on the skill of hand washing itself.

Another of the regularly emphasized points of nursing school is double-checking. One of my first clinical courses required students to triple-check patient identification before giving medications. We were to look at the medication administration record, the patient’s wristband, and then actually have the patient state their name.

As a new nurse learning several new computer systems for charting, etc., I’ve noticed that the old attention to detail, ground into my soul during my school days, now seems easy to overlook, since computers do so much of the work. Of course, computer charting and electronic MARs* have simplified tasks and made time management much less daunting. But sometimes I worry about the hidden cost of such improvements.

I intend, vow, resolve to make an effort to remain aware of how easily errors can happen when we don’t double- and triple-check things. I want to always retain that astute attention to detail, bordering on wariness, so that I can practice as safely as possible, even with the advent of electronic methods.

*MARS = medication administration records

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Nursus Paradoxus

October 17, 2011

By Marcy Phipps, RN, a regular contributor to this blog. Her essay, “The Soul on the Head of a Pin,” was published in the May 2010 issue of AJN.

Black Hole Paradox/ Angel's Gate, via Flickr

We’ve been using a new piece of hemodynamic monitoring equipment in our ICU. Considered minimally invasive, it uses an arterial line to measure fluid balance status by measuring stroke volume variation (SVV). The derived values are useful in guiding fluid resuscitation, and are based on a principle with an interesting and contradictory name. Instead of pulsus paradoxus (variations in arterial pressure during spontaneous breaths), the SVV is calculated based on reverse pulsus paradoxus (variations in arterial pressure during mechanical, positive pressure ventilation).

I’m a “numbers” person. From a scientific perspective, I totally get this. But the concept of monitoring hemodynamics using a principle described as a reverse paradox is unsettling. I don’t want paradoxes, especially reverse paradoxes, to exist in nursing; I don’t need or want circular logic to confound and muddle my days. And yet, as I’ve considered paradoxes in general, I’ve found nursing-related situations that seem to fit the definition:

  • Administration of a benzodiazepine, intended to relieve agitation, which instead results in increased agitation.
  • Titration of an inotrope, with the goal of increasing cardiac output, with the unexpected outcome of decreased blood pressure.
  • The impression that a vented patient is relatively oriented, only to find out after they’re extubated that they’re actually completely disoriented.

Reverse paradoxes are harder to find, and I could only find one:

  • A patient is pronounced brain dead, so there’s death, and the family opts for organ donation, so there’s life, and then the organs are rejected prior to procurement . . . so there’s death.

It could be argued that none of my examples are really paradoxes. They’re adverse reactions, misinterpretations, or unfortunate events. Perhaps the only real paradox here is this: When Kussmaul suggested the name “pulsus paradoxus” in 1863, he was describing findings that are physiologically explainable today, and not considered paradoxical. I’ve been preoccupied with the reverse of a paradox that’s not really a paradox, and questioning logic in science, to no avail.

Science remains scientific, regardless of how much I overthink it.

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The NLN: Where Nursing Teachers Go to Learn

September 27, 2011

By Shawn Kennedy, AJN editor-in-chief

As a nursing student, I was always awestruck when an instructor could rattle off a few points that keyed me into what I should be thinking about when I approached a patient, or use questions to lead me through a thought process that ended with the discovery that I’d known the answer all along. It never dawned on me that those were teaching skills, tools of the trade that she’d learned as an educator.

Last week, I spent a few days in Orlando, Florida, attending the 2011 Education Summit of the National League for Nursing, or as most nurses know it, “the NLN.” I’d venture that if you asked most nurses (who aren’t faculty, that is) what they know about the NLN, they’d answer that it’s the body that accredits nursing schools (key information when deciding what nursing program one should attend). While that’s partially correct, that’s only one part of the NLN’s mission. Read the rest of this entry ?

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The Priceless Clarity of Inexperience

September 22, 2011

By Marcy Phipps, RN, a regular contributor to this blog. Her essay, “The Soul on the Head of a Pin,” was published in the May 2010 issue of AJN.

Heartstudy by James P. Wells, via Flickr

I was precepting a senior nursing student last week. During an idle moment, I asked her why she’d decided to go into nursing.

She shrugged, averted her eyes, and mumbled something like “I’ve just always wanted to.”

I didn’t press it, but I’m sure there’s more to it than that. I probably shouldn’t have asked, given that I cringe when posed the same question, and usually give a faltering and inadequate “I like helping people” kind of answer . . . when “that’s too personal of a question” would be more honest.

I’ve been a nurse for years, and there are certain aspects of the profession I wouldn’t attempt to broach in casual conversation. I doubt that I could have articulated my motivations when I was a student, even if I’d wanted to. That exchange, though, calls to mind one of the most defining experiences of my nursing career.

I was a senior nursing student, doing a clinical rotation in the ICU. My preceptor and I were caring for a patient who’d been in a motorcycle accident. He’d not sustained a head injury; he’d worn a helmet. But he’d suffered a high cervical injury, and it was complete. The weight of the helmet, combined with the force of the crash and pathological changes, had caused his neck to snap.  (“Like a stick!” I remember the trauma surgeon saying.) The poor man was wide awake but completely paralyzed.

My recollections of the specific events of that day are clouded by inexperience and shock. I only know that, at some point, a day that had seemed completely normal took a tragic turn. I remember standing by the patient’s bedside, helplessly, as his heart rate suddenly and inexplicably dropped and the trauma surgeon and code cart magically appeared at his bedside.

I remember it becoming incredibly busy and frenzied. In an effort to stay out of the way, I stationed myself at the head of the poor man’s bed.  I laid my hand on his forehead, mumbling futile platitudes as he gazed up at me with fear in his eyes, mouthing words that I never grasped for what felt like an incredibly long time, until he lost consciousness.

I remember his final moments in crystal detail. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Killing Traditional Nursing Duties #2

September 6, 2011
This 2006 image depicted an adolescent female ...

Image courtesy of CDC

Editor’s note: In early August, on our Facebook page, we asked if there were “old nursing habits” that should be killed off. We received a lot of feedback, which we described in a blog post, “Killing Traditional Nursing Duties #1.” We’re back now with feedback from our second question: “When you give IM injections, what site do you most often use—dorsogluteal (upper outer quadrant of
buttocks), ventrogluteal (lateral hip), or deltoid (upper arm)? Why?”

Hands down, the deltoid injection site was preferred for intramuscular (IM) injections, especially for immunizations and if the patient was an adult. (“People don’t have to drop their drawers” was my favorite reason cited.) A few of those who favored that site noted that, if they didn’t use the deltoid (because of the volume of the injection), they would then go to the ventrogluteal site. One person preferred the vastas lateralis (the outer middle third of the thigh), which wasn’t listed as a choice, but is certainly a site that’s used, especially in infants. And several respondents said they prefer the dorsogluteal site. Reasons given were “more comfort” and “more muscle.”

This is actually contrary to current evidence and teaching, which is that the preferred site is the ventrogluteal site. As noted in an article we did in February 2010, evidence indicates we should avoid the dorsogluteal site because “it poses unnecessary and unacceptable risks of injury to the superior gluteal artery and sciatic nerve.” Also, the traditional dorsogluteal site, especially in obese
individuals, may have excess subcutaneous fat that can reduce the chances of having the medication injected into the muscle.

And it’s not just a few nurses who continue using the traditional dorsogluteal site—a recent Canadian study (see our report on the results) showed that only 14% of hospital nurses use the recommended ventrogluteal site. So, for those of you who still prefer the dorsogluteal site, think again.

Our new question is this: “Does your institution routinely follow ‘NPO after midnight’ for preoperative patients?” Give your feedback here or on our Facebook page.—Shawn Kennedy, editor-in-chief

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When Do You Know You’re Really a Nurse?

August 18, 2011

There’s an imaginary line that one crosses when becoming a nurse. This line divides the floundering nursing student from the confident and experienced nurse. After four months of nursing, I found myself wondering where it could be found so I could cross it. Everybody around me already accepted me as a bright and talented nurse, yet I had doubts. I could manage patient care assignments calmly and efficiently, but I sensed that nursing wasn’t as superficial as checking off items on a list. Sooner or later, I’d face a more complex situation, with no instructor nearby to give me confidence.

That’s the first paragraph of the August Reflections column, “The Letter,” which was written by Melanie Patterson, a mental health supervising RN at a hospital in the Pacific Northwest. It’s about making the extra effort for a patient who might otherwise have been forgotten in his isolation.

Was there a moment, an event, a time when you began to feel confident in whatever your nursing role might be?—JM, senior editor

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Thoughts After an INANE Editors Conference

August 16, 2011

By Shawn Kennedy, AJN editor-in-chief—I just returned from 10 days out of the office, a long time for me. The first three days were in San Francisco at the annual conference of the International Academy of Nursing Editors (or INANE), a group that steadfastly declares itself a non-organization, with no officers, no dues, and no bylaws.

Begun almost 30 years ago, the group depends on the goodwill of its 200+ members, who volunteer for Web site operation, take turns organizing the annual meeting, and contribute when needed to support small expenses like mailings, Web site fees, etc.

It’s simple and it works. This year’s conference covered things editors of nursing journals find interesting—copyright, impact factor, ethics, and the like (see INANE’s blog, From the Editor’s Pen—“Cherry Ames” blogged from the conference!), plus a lot of great networking. (Full disclosure: the conference was sponsored by the specialty nursing journals of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, AJN’s publisher.)

I’m always struck by the breadth and variety of nursing knowledge among the members of this group—there’s everything from skin and wound care and infusion practices to broader topics like oncology and home health. (Not to mention a few broad-based journals, like AJN, that cover all of nursing.) The editors of these journals are passionate about meeting the needs of their readers—for some association journals, this means meeting members’ needs while also trying to gain nonmember readers. It might seem easy to figure out what those needs are, but it’s not. Read the rest of this entry ?

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