Archive for the ‘Karen Roush’ Category

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The Hands of Strangers

April 16, 2013

By Karen Roush, AJN clinical managing editor

Boston MarathonA marathon is a triumph of spirit and endurance. It is a solitary endeavor carried along by a hundred thousand strangers. Anyone who has run a marathon knows that the spectators are not merely spectators. They are participants—they give their energy, their encouragement, their voices; they become part of your will, your perseverance; they carry you forward. Some part of every voice, every hand touched, crosses that finish line with you.

A marathon takes place in a particular city but it belongs to the world. For months, even years, someone in Sydney, in Kampala, in Seoul, in Cedar Rapids, in Damascus, in some small unknown village and in every great city, prepared for those same 26.2 miles ending yesterday at Boylston Street in Boston.

When I think about the marathons I’ve run, it is not crossing the finish line that I remember. What I took away, and what stays with me to this day, is a powerful and joyful sense of our shared humanity. That is what the bomber tried to shatter yesterday.

I have no doubt that in time investigators will find answers to who did this and why. But the greater questions will remain. How do we live with the certainty of our vulnerability? How do we come together freely and joyfully, knowing the threat that walks in our midst? How do we stay open enough to reach our hands out to strangers?

As we grieve the terrible losses suffered in Boston and face an uncertain future, we need to be like those participants lining the route, sharing our energy and voices to carry each other forward. We need to refuse to allow anyone to shatter our shared humanity.

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International Women’s Day: Remembering Lives Shadowed by Violence

March 8, 2013
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Photo by Karen Roush

By Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, AJN clinical managing editor

She lived in a trailer with her boyfriend and her three children, all under the age of five. He beat her up regularly.

Every few weeks she came in to see me at the health center where I worked as an NP in urgent care. Sometimes she would come in with bruises, but most of the time it was for the less obvious sequelae of violence—unexplained chest pain, palpitations, anxiety attacks, back pain, relentless headaches. There was a policy in urgent care that you couldn’t ask for a particular provider. So she would call to speak to me directly and when the operator put her through she’d know I was on and would come in.

I’m not sure why she came to trust me over the other providers. Maybe she could sense that I understood and didn’t judge her, though I had never told her about my own history of domestic violence. But it was probably because I listened. There was not much else I could do. She had gone to a counselor when I encouraged her to, but that didn’t last long—it was hard for her to find transportation for the 30-minute trip into town. I prescribed SSRIs, and after trying some different ones we found one that worked well for her. I helped her slowly cut back on the anti-anxiety medication she had relied on too heavily for so long.

It was all complicated by chronic neck and back pain. I got her in to see a neurologist, which eventually led to two surgeries that left her in more pain than before and with terrible sciatica. Still she came to me at each step for advice on what to do. The neurologist wants to do another MRI—should she do it? Now he wanted to do another surgical procedure—what did I think? And there was pain management thrown in on top of everything else.

Of course I knew that she wasn’t going to get better as long as she was with her boyfriend. We talked about that a lot. Read the rest of this entry ?

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A Nurse and Mother on Dialing Back the Risk in Football

September 14, 2012

By Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, AJN clinical managing editor

One Monday afternoon when my son Bryan was a senior in high school I got a call from him. He had hurt his back during football practice and was in so much pain he couldn’t move to get into his car. I rushed over to the field and found him standing, tense and still. When I lifted his shirt to look at his back, I gasped. The entire lumbar area was rounded and swollen out to the size of a grapefruit. At the hospital tests revealed he had a large hematoma, no critical damage done. The first question Bryan had for the doctor—“Can I play on Saturday?”

All week he insisted he could play and I insisted he couldn’t. His arguments never let up—he was quarterback and Saturday’s game was with an archrival. There wasn’t time for the backup quarterback to learn the plays, his team depended on him. Finally I made a bargain. We would go see his physician, whose judgment I trusted, and we would both respect his opinion, whichever way it went.

He played. One of the coaches wrapped his back in layers of padding with an ACE bandage and out he went. It was a brutal game. As determined as he was, the pain still slowed him down and he got tossed around like a rag doll. Finally in the last quarter they took him out.

I was reminded of all this when reading a New York Times editorial this week, “Dying to Play,” about the dangers of football and the growing body of evidence about the devastating long-term consequences of the repeated head trauma that football players endure. It talked about the decision a father, who was a pro football player, made with his son after his son got “his bell rung” in a game. They decided that the son, determined to follow his father into the pros someday, would “keep his mouth shut and his options open” rather than see the physician and wait for the okay to play.

Many parents will have their own version of these stories, the kid who insists on playing in spite of injuries or risk. They hide their injuries, downplay their pain, pop more ibuprofen than you know about. I watched Bryan’s best friend get knocked unconscious in a tackle, spectators standing silenced, watching, waiting for him to move as the coaches and the team doctor bent over him. Finally his legs started moving and people began to clap in relief and support, but I could tell by the erratic movement that he was actually seizing. An ambulance took him off to the hospital and next Saturday he was on the sidelines, impatiently waiting to get back in the game. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Domestic Violence Screening: Why the Rush to Dismiss It?

August 24, 2012

Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, AJN clinical managing editor

All rights reserved. Photos by author.

A recent study reported in JAMA, “The Effect of Screening for Partner Violence on Women’s Quality of Life” (abstract only), is being touted in overly simplistic headlines across the Web (the word “debunks” has been getting a lot of use) as further evidence that domestic violence screening doesn’t improve outcomes for women.

Don’t believe it.

The problem doesn’t lie with the researchers or with JAMA; they accurately reported just what they found. The problem lies with how it is being interpreted by others as further proof of the overall ineffectiveness of screening for intimate partner violence (IPV).

What the study actually found was that there was no difference in health outcomes between women who received computerized screening and a resource list and women who just received the resource list or women who received neither.

This is how it worked:

Women in primary care settings who agreed to participate and who were randomized to the screening group were seated in front of a computer and responded to the three questions in the partner violence screening (for example, “have you ever been hit, kicked, punched or otherwise hurt by someone within the past year?”) on the monitor. If they checked yes for any question, the computer played a short video of an IPV advocate who “provided support and information about the hospital-based IPV advocacy program and encouraged [them] to attend.”

All rights reserved.

So what’s wrong with this? True, this particular “screening” and “intervention” didn’t make a difference in the participants’ quality of life. The problem lies in the claims being made that this study proves that IPV screening doesn’t work. The reason this is a problem is not with the screening component. Research supports computer screening to improve disclosure rates—it’s one way to address the time burden that is often cited as a major barrier to screening, as well as the stigma attached to disclosure. So yes, further testing of this possible approach to screening is warranted.

The problem, as I see it, is with the approach taken with women who disclosed abuse. We know that women will disclose abuse and accept help if there is trust, the belief that you actually care about them, a nonjudgmental attitude and consideration for their safety. None of these things are present in this approach. In fact, it is the antithesis. What this approach tells women is that we cannot be bothered to actually talk to you in person—that would take more time, money, and actual empathy than we care to spend on you.

We also have evidence that a well-planned advocacy program with follow-up can work. This “intervention” doesn’t take into consideration the complexity of IPV. There are social, cultural, psychologic, economic, and physical factors involved. I don’t know what this computer-presented advocate says to the women watching. But even if it’s all the right things, she or he is still just an image on the screen.

And expecting women to take on all the emotional and practical challenges that disclosure and seeking help can entail, merely in response to a disembodied image on a screen, is a disservice to the women. Beyond the significant risk of increased violence and even death, there are so many other variables, such as fear of losing their children to protective services, or the difficulties involved in accessing resources when you are without transportation or funds. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Women’s Health: Paying Attention to an Invisible Group

July 5, 2012

By Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, AJN clinical managing editor

My sister Ellen is getting married in two weeks, so last Sunday I threw a surprise bridal shower. We had all the traditional trappings—flowers and favors and (much to another sister’s chagrin) a shower game and prizes. The only thing not traditional: at this shower there were two brides, my sister and her fiancée, Pat.

After years of standing by invisible while sisters and brothers married, danced with their partners at each other’s weddings, celebrated births and graduations, now it’s their turn. No longer on the periphery, no longer the ‘other,’ at least for this day, these few weeks, they are finally able to celebrate their love and commitment to each other just like the rest of us.

Why am I writing about this in a nursing blog? Because this invisibility, this sidelining of lesbians like my sister and her fiancée, doesn’t only affect their family life—it extends into their health care as well. Neither Ellen nor Pat ever got routine women’s health care—no Pap smears, no clinical breast exams or mammograms, no routine assessment for osteoporosis risk. They were never hooked into the health care system by reproductive health needs, contraception, or pregnancy and childbirth, as my other sisters and I were. They didn’t have a regular gynecologist who followed them through their reproductive years and would now advise them on preventive health care as they approached menopause.

This isn’t unusual among lesbians; according to the CDC, many avoid getting routine health care. And there is evidence that lesbians may be at greater risk for some health problems. For example, it is known that pregnancy and breastfeeding are protective against certain cancers such as ovarian and breast. Many lesbians never go through pregnancy and childbirth, yet they are less likely than other women to get routine Pap tests or mammograms. And they live with the constant stress of social stigma and discrimination, risk factors for depression, anxiety, and heart disease.

There are a number of reasons why lesbians don’t get necessary health care: lack of domestic partner benefits, which prevents them from qualifying for health insurance coverage through their partner’s plan; discomfort talking with their provider about their sexuality; being misinformed about their risks; and lack of knowledge on the part of their health care providers. According to the Institute of Medicine there is an urgent need for research—we know lesbians face unique problems and risks, but we don’t have an evidence-based understanding of exactly what they are or how to address them. Read the rest of this entry ?

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To the Nursing Class of ’12 (and ’84, and ’96, and ’01)

June 15, 2012

By Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, clinical managing editor. A version of this essay originally appeared in the 2008 AJN Career Guide, but we feel it’s still just as relevant to new nursing grads or even to seasoned nurses (and non-nurses, for that matter) who might need a sense of renewal.

via Wikimedia Commons

On a rainy cold Saturday last May my son graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. As I sat shivering in my complimentary plastic poncho, listening to the commencement speaker doing his best to inspire the faces peering up from under soaked tassels, the thought came to me that we all need a commencement address every five years or so. Someone to tell us we can make the world a better place, that the possibility for greatness exists within us, that we may yet achieve our dreams. Someone to remind us why we chose nursing, and why we work so hard.

So, whether you are a new graduate or graduated 50 years ago, this is my commencement address to you.

Stay alert. Be vital. Sharpen your mind and your skills. Read journals for nurses and on health care in general. But don’t limit your knowledge to health-related information. Read political discourse, economic theory, and great literature. At the time of this writing, a book of poems, Slope of the Child Everlasting by Laurie Kutchins, sits on my desk at home. Each evening it pulls me into a deep reflection that informs my practice in a way clinical study alone can’t possibly do.

Keep moving. Learn, change, uncover, discover. There’s no other profession that allows you to do this like nursing. Whether it’s within your facility or as a travel nurse exploring the country, or perhaps going from clinical care to a policy-making position, movement will awaken the anticipation and excitement that you felt in the beginning of your career.

Look beyond your borders—whether they’re a shift, a hospital, a specialty, a state, a country. Reach outside of what you know. See yourself as part of something bigger than nursing. At the time of this writing, I’m about to leave for a trip to Uganda and Rwanda to see what it’s like to be a nurse in a place very different from home.

Act out. Be willing to anger people. Remember, you are valuable and necessary. Get your facts straight, then speak up loud and often. Make some noise and get some attention. And then be ready to back up your words with actions.

Become nursing’s biggest fan. Promote it. Boast about it. It will go a long way in making nursing what it should be—well paid, well understood, and respected. It will draw talented people to the profession. Nursing suffers from gender bias, this is important to recognize whichever gender you happen to be. It affects who goes into nursing, how your role is allowed to evolve, and how much you get paid. The answer isn’t in making the profession good enough for men; it’s in making the profession good enough.

Lastly, don’t let nursing define your whole being. Be a baker, a runner, a book club member, a father, a wife. Whatever it is, be it totally, ferociously, and separate from nursing. As a writer of poetry I am often referred to as a nurse-poet and I always protest. I am not a nurse-poet or a nurse-anything. I am a nurse and a poet . . . among other things. Nursing takes incredible mental and physical energy. Shelter that part of you that is away from nursing and it will energize your presence as a nurse.


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Staffing: Hot Topic as Usual for Nurses

May 31, 2012

Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, clinical managing editor

Our recent Facebook post on an article on nurse staffing at the NPR Shots blog (“Need a Nurse? You May Have to Wait”) got a lot of responses. Staffing is a hot topic for nurses—from both a personal  and a patient care perspective. And I say “hot” because it never fails to raise emotions.

Everyone agrees that adequate nurse staffing is essential for safe, high quality patient care and nursing job satisfaction. Research has shown that it significantly improves patient outcomes.

Yet we—nurses, as well as the larger health care community—continue to debate how to determine what “adequate staffing” is and how to best achieve it. Acuity-of-care measures? Unit-by-unit mandated staffing plans? State-mandated staffing ratios? What do you think?

We’ve published numerous articles and news pieces on this topic in recent years; here are a few examples:

News, reports, and analysis (open access articles)

“Nurse Staffing Matters—Again”

“California Mandated Nurse–Patient Ratios Deemed Successful”

“Nursing Shortage—or Not”

Feature. Requires subsciption or purchase; abstract only

“Nurse Staffing and Patient, Nurse, and Financial Outcomes”

And here are some blog posts that deal either directly or indirectly with issues related to nurse staffing.

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Grief: The Proposed DSM-5 Gets It Wrong

March 28, 2012

By Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, AJN clinical managing editor

Photo taken by author at a church in Switzerland

Today is my son’s birthday. I remember so clearly the day of his birth, the overwhelming sense of recognition the first time I saw him, as if I had known him forever.

April 16th is the anniversary of his death. When a birth is so closely followed by a death, they are forever intertwined. I remember watching him sleep, how he turned to the music when I turned the key of his music box and “It’s a Small World” unwound its notes against the side of his warming bed. I remember his three-year-old brother holding him, sitting in the rocking chair in their father’s lap. I remember rocking in that chair three weeks later, holding him against my chest as his few last breaths faded. I remember the long walk back down the hall, the drive home, the blur of a funeral. And then the first long cold winter, visiting his grave day after day, distraught that my baby lay in frozen earth, unprotected from the cold. And the months that stretched on into a future I sometimes couldn’t bear to think about, because I couldn’t imagine my way out of the pain of grief into a day when I would feel joy again.

I was grieving. I listened for the phone, certain the hospital would call any minute to tell me it was all a mistake. I couldn’t eat and lost weight. I cried, sometimes suddenly in public places—waiting in line at the bank, stopped at a red light. There were times the pain engulfed me and I wondered how I could possibly continue to live when my child was gone, dead forever. I couldn’t sleep. People assured me he was at peace, but if that was so then why did I hear him crying at night?

We are allowed a year to grieve. When that first anniversary was approaching, I dreaded it. Grief kept me connected to my son. Everything that had happened in that year was a first: the first Christmas, the first family vacation, and—so close to the anniversary—the first birthday. I did not want time to take me any farther away from the last time I’d held him, from when he was alive.

But it did. And slowly I healed. The pain, which had been a searing spotlight that obliterated everything else, began to dim until finally it was a small soft light in the distance. I don’t remember how long—two years, maybe three. But it eased, and I found my way back to joy again.

Now, according to the draft DSM-5, I would be allowed two weeks to make that journey before being diagnosed with a mental illness. Continuing symptoms after that—sadness, sleeplessness, crying, loss of interest in everyday pleasures—would represent pathology. At two weeks I was just beginning to realize the finality, the enormity, of what had happened. How do you say goodbye to someone you love deeply in two weeks? Did my child’s life mean so little that I should have been able to shake it off and get on with it after two weeks? Is any life that insignificant?

There will be those who need professional help. Some people get stuck in the pain or the pain is so overwhelming it engulfs their lives. But most of us just need support, acceptance, and understanding. And time.

Today is my son’s birthday. I will celebrate his birth. But, like every year on his birthday, the pain flares up, bright enough to hurt my eyes but no longer bright enough to blind me. I will continue to miss him until enough days have passed that represent the time he should have lived. In other words—I will grieve for him always. I am not mentally ill. I do not have a depressive disorder. I do not need medication or counseling. I need to be allowed to feel both the pain and the joy that loving someone, even with a life so short, inevitably brings.

(Editor’s note: this post was written on March 26, two day’s ago.)

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National Women’s History Month–What’s Nursing Got to Do With It?

March 7, 2012

By Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C, AJN clinical managing editor

Back in the late 60s, when I was trying to figure out what I wanted to be when I grew up, one particular piece of advice kept popping up: “Become a nurse. That way, if anything happens to your husband, you’ll be able to get a job and support your family.”

This month we celebrate National Women’s History Month. The theme is Women’s Education–Women’s Empowerment. I think back to that advice and how it captures the journeys of both nursing and women over the last 45 years.

That one piece of advice reflected so many beliefs of the time. The husband (and there should be a husband for any self-respecting woman) is the breadwinner. A woman doesn’t really want to work and shouldn’t work; her role is to take care of husband and home. She doesn’t need the fulfillment of a career—only the ability to pay the bills if she suddenly finds herself alone.

Nursing was the safety net job. Not something to pursue for its own sake—for the intellectual, emotional, and financial rewards it could offer. Women who did pursue it found themselves earning their own paycheck—but still subjugated, the handmaiden to the physician.

Thankfully, that has changed. Women pursue all kinds of careers and are surpassing men in numbers of higher education graduates. Few people would still argue that the woman’s place is in the home, and girls are encouraged to grow up to pursue their own dreams and be successful in their own right. Despite this progress, we still have a long way to travel for true gender equality. Boardrooms and legislative bodies are still disproportionately filled with men. Women still earn only 77% of what men do, a difference that has improved a mere six percent in 20 years.

Nursing has followed a similar trajectory. It is no longer a safety net occupation and nurses are no longer viewed as the handmaiden to the physician. Nursing school application numbers are way up, with many applying as second degree students after pursuing other careers. There is greater recognition of the high level of knowledge and skill nursing requires. We have our own scientific body of knowledge and we control and monitor our own practice. We are involved in life-changing research and interventions across the globe and our impact on quality of care and patient outcomes is well established.

Yet, despite recent progress (for example, see Shawn Kennedy’s blog post about Lt. General Patricia Horoho, the new Army Surgeon General), we are still underrepresented in boardrooms and executive positions of health care organizations and institutions. Our image still suffers from sexism and outdated perceptions of what nurses actually do. And we earn less than other health care professionals even when we have similar levels of education and responsibility (check out nursing faculty salaries compared to those of physician faculty).

The history of women and the history of nursing have always been intertwined, and may always be, even with the number of men who are nurses. The two groups’ struggles against oppression run parallel. Despite the scientific and technical nature of our work, nurses continue to deal with the legacy of—as Reverby stated so succinctly in Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850–1945—their “order to care in a society that refuses to value caring.”

Women struggle with a similar dilemma. They are still the primary caretakers at home of children, and now aging parents as well, even while pursuing careers and accomplishments outside the home. And they are still facing critical judgments about it, from themselves and others. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Examining Our Biases About Mental Illness

February 24, 2012

“There’s nothing really wrong with him, it’s just anxiety.” How many times have you heard someone say this—or said it yourself? Mental health problems are among the most marginalized health conditions in the United States. They’re viewed as less “real” than physical illnesses; there’s no tumor to be palpated, no abnormality to be spotted on an X-ray. Emotional and psychological problems are often thought to be under a person’s control in a way that, say, multiple sclerosis or cancer is not. And because mental health problems can be construed as signs of weakness, sufferers may hide their symptoms. People who suffer from a mental illness need to feel comfortable seeking care and to trust that they’ll be treated with skill, compassion, and respect. This is vital: studies consistently find that mental illnesses, particularly depression, take a terrible toll on health. Such illnesses have been associated with an increased risk of stroke, coronary artery disease, and dementia, as well as increased mortality in people with cancer, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease and following a myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery.

That’s from “Examining our Biases About Mental Illness,” the Editorial in the February issue of AJN by clinical managing editor Karen Roush, MS, RN, FNP-C. What biases and assumptions about the mentally ill, the depressed, the anxious have you seen in your practice? Do you ever find yourself slipping into such biases yourself as a kind of default setting?

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