Archive for the ‘human rights’ Category

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Covering the Context: Health Care Doesn’t Occur in a Vacuum

August 10, 2009

LagerweyThirdReichArticleIn deciding what editorial content we should cover at AJN, we try to identify “cutting-edge” clinical topics and issues that are pertinent for most nurses and will inform their practice. But in recent years, AJN has taken a broader view of nursing’s role in promoting health. It’s not just about what we do with our patients when we interact with them—it’s about the context of the other parts of their lives and how that context affects health. How does a patient with heart disease or diabetes follow a proper diet if neighborhood grocery stores don’t even carry fresh vegetables? Can one stay healthy when continually under duress from an oppressive spouse or family member? Lillian Wald, whose work in the early 1900s provided a model for later public and community health efforts, understood that social context matters to health and that advocating for social justice is part of a nurse’s role.

One of the features in the August issue of AJN is an article by Mary Deane Lagerwey. She maintains that during the holocaust and World War II, AJN was silent on the issues and didn’t address German nurses’ complicity:

“Possible motivations for downplaying or suppressing certain information include nascent Cold War fear of communism and the perceived need for political unity, as well as U.S. and Western European anti-Semitism. In AJN‘s case, the motivation may well have been a desire to promote unity among nurses, but the end result was a lack of accountability. I contend that AJN chose not to speak up for human rights and turned an uncritical eye toward German nurses’ contributions to suffering and to the fates of Jews, including Jewish nurses.”

Clearly, AJN was among those who fell short in addressing the atrocities that occurred. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Rating AJN’s Coverage of Nazi Atrocities: Is Silence Ever an Option for Nurses?

August 6, 2009

DisplacedChildrenGermany1952

One of the feature articles in the August issue takes an unflinching look at a shameful yet little-known episode of nursing history: “The Third Reich, Nursing, and AJN by Mary Deane Lagerwey, PhD, RN, examines AJN’s coverage of events in Germany during the Nazi era—before and during WWII—and in the postwar years, and compares the reporting in this journal with that of other professional and popular journals of the day, such as Life and JAMA.

The atrocities committed by Nazi physicians during this period are notorious, but the complicity of many German nurses in the Holocaust is not nearly as well known. Lagerwey, an associate professor at the Western Michigan University Bronson School of Nursing, analyzed two decades of AJN’s articles on nursing-related developments in Germany and found that, in the interest of promoting an image of international unity and cooperation among nurses, this journal failed to report on the increasing marginalization and exclusion of Jewish nurses before the war and to hold nurses who were guilty accountable in the postwar period. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Vaccine Wars Ensue as H1N1 Mutates – Just Alarmist Sci-Fi Fantasy?

July 16, 2009
From Sidelong, via Flickr

From Sidelong, via Flickr

From an AP story about the H1N1 flu vaccine that was widely syndicated today:

Countries with flu vaccine plants might decide to seize all vaccines and ban their export, thus breaking the pharmaceutical contracts promising other countries vaccine supplies. These private contracts are not binding international law between two countries . . .

Picture this: in early September of this year, the novel H1N1 influenza virus mutates into a strain that can quickly lead to wracking fevers, violent vomiting, respiratory failure, dehydration, and death. It is also highly resistant to existing antiviral agents. The first cases of this new strain are identified after a spate of deaths in a Kansas City nursing home as well as among members of a church choir in the same city. The new strain quickly shows up in a number of major metropolitan areas in the U.S. and then in several European countries. As hospitals are swamped and the number of deaths rises unabated, borders are sealed between countries—but it’s too late to stop the new strain from spreading as the fall and winter flu season gets into full swing. 

Luckily, the U.S. has long-standing contracts with several major pharmaceutical companies for the flu vaccine, which has by mid-September entered mass production in several locations. The only problem: up to 80% of the this vaccine is being produced outside the U.S. borders, and the people of the countries in which it is being produced don’t believe their leaders have any right to let those companies honor their contracts with the U.S. if it means a large portion of those countries’ populations will have to wait another several months for vaccination.  Read the rest of this entry ?

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Nurses and Doctors in Iran Protest Police Brutality

June 17, 2009

Here’s a June 16 YouTube video that apparently shows outraged nurses and physicians in Tehran protesting police brutality against protesters. The courage this must take is hard to imagine, even if nothing terrible happens in the video. One prominent blog  linking to the video includes this translation from a reader:

One woman (maybe a nurse) shows a sign which says 8 people were martyred here last night. Toward the end of the clip the young man (whose voice breaks down many times) is saying that he witnessed the brutal beating of women and children and wonders who these brutish forces are . . .

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Dying in Agony in America’s Nursing Homes – Case Study Poses Ethical Quandaries for Nurses

June 1, 2009

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“Oh, that hurts! You’re hurting me. Please, please, just leave me alone. Please stop.” These were the words of Louis Daly, a friendly, cognitively alert African American man in his late 80s, as nurses were changing the dressing on his stage IV pressure ulcer two days before he died. (This is a real patient; his name and other identifying details have been changed.)

So starts “Dying with a Stage IV Pressure Ulcer” in the January issue of AJN. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Alerting Nurses to Increased Reports of Sexual Assault in the Military

April 14, 2009

armyposterscreencapture
This post is a bit of a departure for the Word Curmudgeon (in that it’s neither very curmudgeonly  nor about some arcane word usage question), but I think it’s a worthy departure and of particular relevance to both military nurses (abroad and stateside) and nonmilitary nurses—anyone, in fact, who treats women who’ve served in the U.S. military. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Geneva, Switzerland: Tortured Souls and Maimed Victims on the Way to the Red Cross Museum

April 13, 2009
"The Petrified"

"The Petrified"

I like Geneva. What’s not to like about a city that celebrates chocolate, watches, flowers, and Heidi? However, on this visit to attend meetings of the Global Advisory Group on Nursing and Midwifery at the World Health Organization (WHO), I used some of my free time for more serious pursuits as well.

"Broken Chair"

"Broken Chair"

At United Nations Square, just across from the Palais des Nations, a sculpture of a 12-meters-tall straight-back chair with one broken leg looms over one corner of the square. Commissioned by Handicap International, “Broken Chair” (by artist Daniel Berset) is a monument to those who have lost limbs from land mines. It’s a powerful image.

Just off the square and up a small rise is the Musee International de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge (so much better in French than the “International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum”). As you walk up the ramp to the museum entrance, you encounter a group of shrouded, life-size figures by Swiss artist Carl Bucher. The piece, called “The Petrified,” represents the faceless victims of human rights violations. The effect of the figures is sobering—a high school class walking up the ramp, clowning and laughing and chatting loudly, literally stopped in their tracks and fell silent. The teenagers behind them started yelling for them to move on, but then they too quieted down when they came into view of the figures. That tells you something . . .
–Shawn Kennedy, MA, RN, AJN editoral director

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Torture, Redux: Did Nurses Assist?

April 8, 2009
photo by jimpg2 / Jimmy Palma Gil, via Flickr

photo by jimpg2 / Jimmy Palma Gil, via Flickr

In October 2004 AJN published “The Fear Is Still in Me” by Kathleen McCullough-Zander and Sharyn Larson, an article detailing how nurses might identify, assess, and treat the approximately 400,000 to 500,000 survivors of torture now living in the U.S. (I was the editor). It’s not a subject most people like to think about, but there it is.

And now here it is again, according to a “long-secret” report by the International Committee of the Red Cross that was completed in 2007 and only recently published online by the New York Review of Books. Only this time, it’s health care personnel—a group that “should be understood to include physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses and other para-health staff”—who allegedly participated in torture. No, they weren’t there to safeguard the victims. As an article about the report in Monday’s New York Times notes, the role of such professionals “was primarily to support the interrogators, not to protect the prisoners.”

Does it matter that those tortured were suspected of terrorism and were being held by the CIA overseas? Not to the International Council of Nurses, which has issued and twice revised a position statement that calls for nurses to actively oppose torture; I can find no exceptions named. Indeed, many nurses—including McCullough-Zander and Larson—have argued that the prevention of human rights abuses is itself a nursing responsibility. It’s an argument that needs heeding, again.

—Sylvia Foley, AJN senior editor


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