Archive for the ‘combat nursing’ Category

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Sexual Assaults: Is the Military Finally Starting to Get It?

June 10, 2013

By Maureen Shawn Kennedy, AJN editor-in-chief

March 26, 2010: A poster supporting the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) program. (U.S. Navy photo illustration/Released)

March 26, 2010: A poster supporting the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) program. (U.S. Navy photo illustration/Wikimedia Commons)

On June 7, the U.S. Air Force command named Maj. Gen. Margaret H. Woodward director of its Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office. She replaces her predecessor, Lt. Col. Jeffrey Krusinski, who was charged with sexual assault in early May.

Announcement of his arrest came the day before the Department of Defense was to hold a press briefing to tout changes intended to improve the handling of sexual assaults. Also on June 7, the U.S. Army command suspended Major General Michael T. Harrison, the commanding general of the U.S. Army in Japan for failing to “to report or properly investigate an allegation of sexual assault.”

At the press briefing, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel said he was “outraged and disgusted” at the allegations against Krusinki. Hagel also asserted that “[a]ll of our leaders at every level in this institution will be held accountable for preventing and responding to sexual assault in their ranks and under their commands.” But will commanders really be forthcoming? Will they be willing to report crimes that could make them look like they can’t manage troops effectively, thereby potentially endangering their own chances for promotion?

Congress has launched an investigation into how the military is handling sexual assaults. According to the Washington Post, the hearings were precedent setting in that it was the first time the entire Joint Chiefs of Staff had testified together as witnesses; the hearings were also marked by the significant presence of women on the Senate Armed Services Committee—seven in all. Read the rest of this entry ?

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Redeemed by M*A*S*H

June 3, 2013

Greg Horton is a widely published freelance writer and an adjunct professor at Oklahoma City Community College. With a new generation of veterans struggling to deal with emotional and physical wounds from their experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan, and to find meaningful work in a challenging economy, this story of a father’s 30-year nursing career after his return from the Vietnam War is particularly relevant today.

MASH-dioramaMy father started us on M*A*S*H soon after his return from Korea in 1973. The Vietnam War was nearing its end, although we did not know it at the time. A combat medic during his tour of duty in Vietnam early in the war, on this most recent tour my father had been stationed in Korea for a year at a hospital that received the grievously injured. “Spaghetti and meatball surgery,” he called it.

Our family had moved to Maud, Oklahoma, in 1972 to be near my mother’s family while my dad was in Korea. The endless countryside around our small town, combined with the local dump, gave us more than enough adventures to keep our minds off the war in a country of which we knew little.

M*A*S*H, the legendary television show featuring Alan Alda as the sarcastic antihero, started the year my father left for Korea. We were not a television-watching family, as such. My mother’s Pentecostal background instilled a deep-rooted distrust for the medium, unless Oral Roberts or Rex Humbard was preaching.

However, on my father’s return, that changed. I was nine years old when he got back, so I know I wasn’t aware of the political statement Larry Gelbart, the program’s creator, was making. My father would later explain to a 12-year-old me that it was only ostensibly about Korea; really, it was about Vietnam.

Every week, the family gathered around to watch. Many of the laughs required no intricate knowledge of the military or war or medicine, but my father, whose experience as a medic in Vietnam and doing triage in Korea lent him special insight, functioned like an expert annotator, dispensing information that opened up new vistas of meaning in the politics of war, gender, sex, death, and dying.

We were used to the motions of life required of a military family: relocation orders, moving without notice, upended friendships, new schools, new housing, new temporary friends. We had suffered all of it with aplomb, so my father’s newfound cynicism about war was disturbing to our routine.

I am almost certain he decided to be a nurse in the wake of Vietnam. Discontented with the calculus by which countries go to war and horrified to the point of nightmare by what he’d seen, he looked instead for a way to heal rather than harm.

My family did not survive the 1980s intact. The diagnosis later known as PTSD was unheard of at the time, but my father had it. An attempt to view Apocalypse Now led to a near breakdown; he shouted and cried out in the middle of the night for days afterward. Except for his U.S. Army work in the hospital, he couldn’t keep any of the two dozen side jobs he attempted. His attempt to help us understand M*A*S*H was his way of trying to help us understand what it had really been like, but like any war virgins, we were dealing with abstractions, not spaghetti and meatballs.

After my parents’ divorce, my father devoured nursing school. An early pregnancy and enlistment in the Army had delayed the application of his intelligence to academic work. Once exposed to it, he thrived. He used his retirement benefits to live on—he’d completed 20 years in service—while the old G.I. Bill helped pay for his education. He retired from the military at 37, and achieved his BSN before 40.

The next step was also difficult. His experience with medicine had been limited to two milieus: U.S. Army hospitals and war. What do you choose when the choices aren’t limited to what your commander tells you you must do?

It took nearly 10 years for my father to work through the options: coronary care, intensive care, post-critical care, ER, oncology, pediatrics, OB-GYN, and every other floor available at every hospital he worked. He even worked a stint at a state mental health facility, back when such things existed. Four broken ribs and a superstitious fear of full moon night pushed him out of mental health care, but that’s another story.

Serendipitously, he found his niche. He was scheduled to work a shift on a drug and alcohol rehabilitation unit in Norman, Oklahoma, in 1987. I was a freshman at the University of Oklahoma at the time, following my stint in the United States Air Force—he’d threatened an “ass-kicking” if I joined the Army. My father had secured me employment on the hospital switchboard at the same hospital to help pay for school.

He worked his shift, which, as I recall, was to help a friend who needed off. While on the floor, he discovered that many of the patients were military veterans. Their experience had driven them to abuse alcohol, cocaine, heroin, pills, as well as other types of escapism. Alway a nurturer, my father found in those men and women the opportunity to apply an ancient principle—redemption, to bring something good and whole out of something ugly and broken.

From then on, my father never worked another unit. He was a drug and alcohol rehab nurse until he retired 25 years later.

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AJN’s Growing Collection of Podcasts

February 19, 2013
Look for the AJN podcast icon

Look for the AJN podcast icon

A note from AJN’s editor-in-chief, Maureen Shawn Kennedy: Why not head over to our Web site and check out AJN’s podcasts and video collections? Just put your mouse over the MEDIA tab at the top and choose podcasts or one of the video series in the drop-down menu.

We’ve got a variety of podcasts to choose from:

  • monthly highlights, in which editors discuss the articles in each issue
  • “Behind the Article” podcasts are interviews with authors to discuss their work or provide additional context about the article
  • and in “Conversations,” listen to, well, conversations with nurses and other notable and interesting people (there’s even one with former president Jimmy Carter!)

We also have special collections, one of which contains music from Liyana, a group of disabled African singers who graced the cover of the August 2009 issue. (See “On the Cover” from that issue to read about them.)

The other collection contains poems written by nurses who served in the Vietnam War. They were collected by Kay Schwebke, author of “The Vietnam Nurses Memorial: Better Late Than Never” in the May 2009 issue. The short poems are heartbreaking and very much worth hearing.

One final option, if you prefer to save podcasts for listening to at a more convenient time: you can subscribe to AJN‘s podcasts in the iTunes store. Just search for AJN and the podcasts should show up on your screen. Or click this link.

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The Patient With No Name: When Nursing Illuminates Literature

November 16, 2012

By Marcy Phipps, RN, a regular contributor to this blog. Her essay, “The Love Song of Frank,” was published in the May issue of AJN. She doesn’t usually write about books in her posts, so we hope you enjoy this change of pace.

I didn’t know much about The English Patient when I picked it up recently at a library book sale—I only dimly recalled that the novel had been made into a movie I’d never seen. Since it was published by Michael Ondaatje in 1993, I can hardly blame a lack of time for my lapse. Yet I found myself glad I hadn’t read it until now, as my own nursing experiences suffused my reading of it, leaving me more deeply moved than I might have been otherwise.

The novel is set in the final days of World War II, in a bombed Italian villa that had served as a war hospital. As the story opens, the makeshift hospital has been recently evacuated, with patients and medical staff relocating to Pisa. One nurse remains, though—a young Canadian named Hana. Described as “shell-shocked” due to her experiences during the war, she refuses to leave the damaged hospital or a nameless English patient, who she insists is too fragile to be moved.

Other characters come into the story and are pivotal to the themes of loss, love, and redemption, but I felt most personally connected to Hana, the English patient, and their relationship. As an ICU nurse, I felt like I knew the English patient, a man who’d been burned beyond recognition in a plane crash and couldn’t recall his identity.

Although my hospital defers burn injuries to a nearby burn center, I’ve cared for patients very much like him—patients who, after devastating injuries, are left physically altered in ways that can’t be fixed. I often have patients who can’t express themselves in any depth, on ventilators and sedated, probably experiencing life much as the English patient—as bits of reality intermingled with flashes of memory and desire.

I’ve cared for patients whose injuries have rendered them too fragile to touch, patients in unrelenting pain, and those whose deaths are known to be inevitable. Like Hana and the English patient, I know the merciful nature of morphine—and, sometimes, the merciful nature of death.

While I don’t share the history of Hana, a war nurse who’s been exposed to more tragedy than she can bear, I can attest to the emotional toll of difficult days in nursing. I know how caring for someone who’s critically ill can overtake everything else. Sometimes it’s hard to leave the hospital at the end of the day, then strangely hard to get out of the car after arriving home . . . I do understand—instinctually—Hana’s decision to stay at the derelict hospital to care for the man she refers to several times as her “despairing saint.”

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Appreciating War-Time Nurses the World Over

November 14, 2012

Peggy McDaniel, BSN, RN, an occasional contributor to this blog, works as a clinical liaison support manager of infusion, and is currently based in Brisbane, Australia.

Vivian Bullwinkel / Wikipedia

“Chins up, girls. I’m proud of you and I love you all.”

According to a survivor’s account, these words were spoken by an Australian nurse, Irene Drummond, on Radji Beach, February 16, 1942. This crescent-shaped stretch of white sand is in the Banka Strait near Banka Island, Indonesia. Ms. Drummond and 21 fellow Australian nurses (plus one civilian) walked into the warm sea holding hands, creating a human chain. As their feet touched the surf they were riddled with bullets from Japanese machine guns set up on the beach behind them.

The Banka Strait was an escape route from Singapore and the larger region just before and during the Japanese occupation of Singapore during World War II. The Aussie nurses, some of the very last military personnel to be evacuated from Singapore before the occupation, had snuck away under at night aboard the Vyner Brook in February 1942. They were among approximately 200 passengers attempting to escape to safer ground, but Japanese pilots bombed and sunk the ship. Civilians, military personnel, and nurses died during the attack on the Vyner Brooke, and many of the same escaped into lifeboats. Some of the survivors made it to the shore and ultimately ended up on Radji Beach.

As an American nurse living and working in Australia and the greater Asia Pacific region, I recently had the chance to visit the Australian War Memorial. As I wandered through this amazing museum, I read about Radji Beach and the one nurse who survived that particular massacre. Afterward, in the bookshop I picked up On Radji Beach, by Ian W. Shaw. It’s the story of Australian nurses after the fall of Singapore during World War II, and is the primary reference for this blog post.

The lone nurse survivor of the Radji Beach massacre was Vivian Bullwinkel. Her story and that of the other nurses kept me engaged and often on the brink of tears. I couldn’t imagine working as a nurse during World War II, and felt proud to share the same vocation as Vivian.

Ms. Bullwinkel was one of 65 nurses evacuated from Singapore on the Vyner Brooke in 1942. Only 23 returned to Australia, after finally being discovered in a Malaysian POW camp in 1945. She left the Australian Army Nursing Service in 1947 and subsequently had a distinguished career in civilian nursing, passing away in July 2000.

My few hours in the war memorial and the book also brought to mind our U.S. military and the medical teams that work near the front lines every day. I know I’m not cut from the same cloth, as this is not something I would choose to do, but I thank them for doing it. Since Australia celebrated Remembrance Day and the U.S. celebrated Veteran’s Day this past week, my thoughts go to those who have fought and died for both countries, especially all the medical personnel—particularly nurses.

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Veterans, Nurses, and PTSD

November 12, 2012

By Maureen Shawn Kennedy, AJN editor-in-chief

Vietnam Women’s Memorial, Washington, DC. Courtesy of Kay Schwebke.

Veteran’s Day was officially yesterday, November 11, but many will mark it today with a day off from work and school and for some reason, shopping. I’m not sure when or why Veterans Day became associated with bargains, but it seems especially out of place this year, as we hear more and more about the issues being faced by the thousands of new veterans. As I note in my November editorial, an Institute of Medicine report estimates that 13% to 20% of returning veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan “have or may develop PTSD.”

Last month, I had the opportunity to spend some time with Brigadier General (Ret.) Bill Bester, former chief of the Army Nurse Corps. I interviewed General Bester about his career and veterans’ health issues. The general was engaging and candid about the difficulties returning veterans face and he spoke about the post-deployment transition period that can be difficult for returning veterans.

He also spoke about his current activities as a senior advisor for the Jonas Foundation’s Veterans Healthcare Program, which supports scholarships for nurses pursuing doctoral degrees related to veteran-specific health issues. The program supports nurses pursuing both PhD as well as DNP degrees and hopes to focus on researching the issues as well as implementing best practices.

With many veterans accessing care outside the VA system, it’s important for nurses in all settings to be knowledgeable about issues many returning veterans may have. General Bester noted that nurses are often the ones that pick up clues, from a veteran accessing care or from a family member, that something is not right. We asked contributing editor Donna Sabella to address PTSD in her November column, Mental Health Matters, and she offers some information on recognizing PTSD and resources to help veterans get the help they need.

And we must also recognize and support our nurse colleagues who were subject to many of the same stressors as combat soldiers as well as the stress of seeing a continual parade of severely injured young men and women. On our Web site, we have a collection of audio interviews and poems being read aloud by nurses who served in Vietnam. There’s one poem by Penny Kettlewell that I think is especially poignant in describing a nurse’s wartime experience. It’s worth taking a few minutes to listen to it in remembrance and to honor the service of our colleagues.

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Memorial Day, 2012

May 25, 2012

This Memorial Day, we here at AJN would like to pay tribute to those nurses who gave their lives in defense of their country. And to all the nurses who care for the casualties of war with dedication, skill, and compassion, often at great risk to their own safety – we honor and thank them.

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Military Medicine Has a Head Nurse – Notes from Our Interview

February 24, 2012

By Maureen ‘Shawn’ Kennedy, MA, RN, AJN editor-in-chief

“Hi, this is General Patty Horoho,” and so began a phone interview with army nurse Lieutenant General Patricia Horoho, who was sworn in as the 43rd Army Surgeon General in December.

Horoho made history, becoming the first woman and the first nonphysician to assume command of the U.S. Army Medical Command, a $13 billion global health system. She had also been the first nurse to command Walter Reed Army Medical Center, taking over after a report  in the Washington Post revealed a host of deficiencies in care, housing, and processes at that facility, leading to the firing of the commanding officer, Maj. General George Weightman.

She was recommended for her new position by the prior Army Surgeon General, Eric Schoomaker, and it then went up the chain to the secretary of the army and the secretary of the defense, who then recommended her appointment to President Barack Obama.

We (there were representatives from four nursing publications on the call) spent over an hour peppering General Horoho with questions about her experience, objectives, strategic plans, and major challenges. Here’s a few of the highlights:

  • Regarding her experience at Walter Reed, she said she learned the importance of transparency in critically evaluating operations, of having policies, funding and “capability” to deliver. She also was candid, saying that following “the Vietnam era, we lost sight of the importance of rehabilitative nursing and health care,” and noting that this would be a significant area of emphasis for her.
  • Two special areas of focus for her, she said, will be behavioral health, especially as it relates to the sequelae of traumatic brain injuries, and moving the army from a health care system of delivery of services to a system of health that encompasses health promotion in all areas. “We need to move away from a ‘bricks and mortar’ system and out into the community,” she said.
  • Continuity of care and practice guidelines across the nine major medical centers is another area that she will prioritize.
  • Acknowledging that over 2,200 sexual assaults occurred last year, Horoho says this will be a focus of the women’s health task force. She sees the issue as needing a “gender neutral” approach, both for prevention and to provide a “command tone” and environment where women or men who’ve been sexually harassed or assaulted feel comfortable in coming forward.

Horoho’s had a long journey to get to her current position. You can read her bio here.

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Air Force Trauma Nurse: Teacher, Winner of Bronze Star

October 20, 2011

Team treating casualties in Ghazni, Afghanistan

Air Force nurse Major Kari A. Miller is currently the director of the nurse trauma program and the chief of the critical care nurse program for the U.S. Air Force Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills (C-STARS) in Baltimore, where she helps train military medical personnel who are preparing to deploy, with a focus on teaching trauma assessment, treatment, and skills.

Maj. Miller removing patient's boots

Says Miller: “My C-STARS colleagues and I work directly with the staff of R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center [at the University of Maryland], where we see over 8,000 patients per year. The center has an excellent survival rate of 97% and our nurses and physicians are fully integrated with the civilian staff here.”

Capt. Staley (front right), Maj. Miller (center), Capt. Hernando (rear)

The photos here show Major Miller and her team during deployment in Ghazni, Afghanistan, in September 2010, when she earned a bronze star for leadership and performance and courage under fire. The team members earned an Army Combat Action Badge for care under fire. The photos on this page show the team treating American casualties received after an improvised explosive device detonated and the vehicle rolled over. Says Miller: “I believe we had three or four casualties with that incident and all had minor injuries. We did fly a couple of them to Bagram for further evaluation and treatment but no fatalities.”—Jacob Molyneux, senior editor

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Neither Dragons nor Angels — Just Imperfect, Like Everybody Else

January 21, 2011

By Gail Pfeifer, MA, RN, AJN news director

I’m not a history buff, but my husband is. So I nicely went along on a recent trip with him to Virginia, visiting historic sites like Montpelier, Jamestown, Yorktown, and Appomattox. It was more fun than I’d anticipated and it really did open a door for me, showing me how much, and how little, has changed, especially in political behavior: When Cornwallis had to surrender to Washington, for example, he feigned illness and sent his second in command, General O’Hara, to do so. Washington, in return, would not accept the sword from O’Hara, directing him to his own second in command. Tit for tat.

Interior doorways, Clover Hill Tavern, Appomattox Court House

One of the things I least expected from the National Park Service was a specific acknowledgment of nurses or nursing (except for maybe Clara Barton, who established the American branch of the International Red Cross). Yet there it was at one of our Civil War site stops: a note that Dorothea Dix had visited to review care of the Union soldiers.

Although she is best known for her work improving care for the mentally ill, Dix became Superintendent of Female Nurses for the Union during the Civil War, serving for the entire duration without pay. At that time, biographers say (variably) that she was 59 or 60 years old, a strong, unmarried woman of her times. Dix was a social reformer and far from politically correct for her day. They called her “Dragon Dix” because of her outspoken opinions and her “autocratic” approach to choosing nurses who could serve under her aegis—no hoop skirts, no jewelry, and preferably plain looking and over 30. Despite her nickname, and perhaps (depending on how you view appropriate behavior in women) her flaws, you can find her described online, along with Barton, as an “Angel of the Battlefield.”

These polar-opposite labels tweaked my interest in nursing history and made me wonder: How far have we come as nurses in the eyes of those we serve, and how do these labels end up persisting over decades? Are we either dragons or angels, or will we finally be acknowledged as professionals with individual, imperfect personalities who work to improve health care? When new nurses look at nursing history 150 years from now, what doors will they see opened, by us, in 2011?

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